Fuel of the Future?

The Economics, History and Politics of Hemp Fuels

By David Malmo-Levine

Friday, January 18, 2008

Part One: The Economics of Hemp Fuels

“In the most favorable growing conditions, we obtained yields of up to 15,000 kg of stem dry matter per hectare (6,070 kg per acre). Under similar conditions, other crops such as maize, sugar beet or potato produced similar dry matter yields. All results indicate that as far its yield is concerned, fiber hemp is in no way exceptional.”

Hemp facts and hemp fiction” Hayo M.G. van der Werf, Journal of the International Hemp Association, (1)

"The added cost of the extra drying needed for crops such as sugar cane, corn and Napier grasses make these high moisture plants an inefficient source for growing methanol. The (Hawaii Natural Energy) Institutes' 1990 report concluded that thermo chemical (pyrolytic) production of methanol from biomass is the most economical alternative for transportation fuel. They also confirmed Stanford Research Institutes' conclusion from the late seventies that woody or low moisture herbaceous plants are the most efficient biomass resource for thermo chemical conversion into liquid fuels such as methanol. It is the cellulose in low moisture herbaceous and woody plants that provides the hydrocarbons necessary for fuel production. ... Hemp is both a low moisture herbaceous and a woody plant.”

“Energy Farming”, Lynn Osburn, (2)

The campaign against biofuels:

I, like many other hemp activists, am interested in the potential for hemp as a fuel source. It is one of the key reasons I have devoted my life to the re-legalization of this impressive plant. The thought of replacing easy-to-monopolize, constantly-fought-over, climate-changing, polluting petroleum with a clean, ecologically sound, cheap, renewable resource able to be grown anywhere by anyone has – with the exception of a few “cannabiphobics”, skeptics, narcs and oil barons - personal (and I suspect near universal) appeal. Thus I was dismayed to stumble across a series of recent articles on CIA watchdog Mike Ruppert's websites that attack biofuels in general as “uneconomical”. These articles claim that it takes more energy to create biofuels than one receives from the created fuel. (3) I then discovered that this is a common argument found in other books and articles. (4).

To shake my hemp-fuel confidence further, I came across an article from the International Hemp Association saying that hemp as a fuel source is “in no way exceptional.”(5)

Other arguments against biofuels are that a) there isn't enough land to both grow fuel and food with (6), and b) that ethanol isn't as efficient as gasoline, so even if ethanol is cheaper per gallon it would be more expensive per mile.

The experts:

I decided to investigate these arguments against biofuels and hemp fuels by bouncing them off people doing research in this area. I spoke with Adrian Francis Clarke of Fibre (Europe) Laboratory LTD, Don Wirtshafter of the Ohio Hempery, Tim Castleman of fuelandfiber.com, and Shaun Crew of Hemp Oil Canada.

It is important to understand that hemp provides two types of fuel; hemp biodiesel – made from the oil of the hemp seed, and hemp ethanol/methanol – made from the fermented stalk. To clarify further, ethanol is made from such things as grains, sugars, starches, waste paper & forest products, and methanol is made from woody matter. Through processes such as gasification, acid hydrolysis and enzymes, hemp can be used to make both ethanol and methanol.

I asked questions about the current prices of hemp biodeisel and hemp ethanol/methanol, and what these prices would be post cannabis relegalization. To be economically viable, these fuels would have to be cheaper than gasoline, currently priced at up to 120 cents per liter (Can.) (7) or up to 3 dollars per gallon (US) (8) Of course, petroleum prices could get much more expensive in the near future, a topic which will be covered in the third part of this article under “peak oil”.


Don Wirtshafter responded that the size of the industrial
hemp industry determined how much hemp “waste” would be created, which would then dictate the price of hemp fuel. He wrote:

Hemp oil is too valuable to burn up as fuel. It will be the waste products that become the fuels of the future. ... Because we sell the protein for a good price, the price of hemp oil drops. When I was selling the seed cake to make Hempen Ale, making the oil was almost free. Again, it is the waste stream from your primary processes that will go into power generation.”

When I asked Don about the actual price of
hemp biodiesel, he replied:

“Twenty cents per gallon more than the cost of hemp oil. At this point, hemp seed oil is $15 per gallon. As we gain volume, our costs and therefore the price is dropping. Until hemp is a huge industry, it can't compete with the other huge industries. If the hemp protein powder continues to sell well, then the oil will continue to get cheaper and cheaper.”

On the topic of hemp ethanol/methanol, Don opined:

“The big change will come with green processing as is being developed by Adrian Clarke in Australia. This machine will change all the equations for fiber as did the cotton gin 150 years ago. The waste from that process will be the energy source.”

When I asked Adrian Clarke about the price of hemp ethanol/methanol, he replied:
“I cannot supply even a guess for the cost except to say that it must be simple and low cost for so many farmers to have done it. Ask a legal distiller what it would cost.”

Distillers of things-other-than-hemp provided a variety of possible prices: According to one source, Brazilian ethanol recently sold “for 45% less per liter than gasoline”. (9) According to another source, “...the cost of producing ethanol from cellulose is estimated to be between $1.15 and $1.43 per gallon in 1998 dollars”. (10) Back in 1981, a Canadian “fuel alcohol distiller” activist estimated his actual cost to be “22.9 cents a gallon” (11) which would be about 49.37 cents per gallon in today's dollars! (12)

Shaun Crew is a hemp seed oil expert. I asked him the hemp biodiesel question and he answered: “the price of hemp seed oil is higher than the price of corn oil at present. This may change in the years to come as acres significantly increase or yields significantly increase. Right now, hemp biodiesel could not be easily made for under $2.50 per litre.”


In Tim Castleman's article "Hemp Biomass For Energy", he wrote his observations about biodiesel too, explaining that "Some varieties are reported to yield as much as 38% oil, and a record 2,000 lbs. per acre was recorded in 1999. At this rate, 760 lbs. of oil per acre would result in about 100 allons of oil, with production costs totaling about $5.20 per gallon.(13) I asked Tim if there were any other factors that could further reduce the price per gallon. He replied: Hempseed oil is worth $30 per gallon as food. ... hemp (biodiesel) doesn't make the lineup for fuel.”

Hemp methanol, on the other hand, does make the fuel lineup. According to Tim, hemp ethanol could be produced for 1.37 per gallon plus the cost of the feedstock, with technological improvements and tax credits reducing the price another dollar or so per gallon! (14) And the cost of the feedstock would become much more available as more hemp was grown for more products, providing more and more free (or nearly-free) feedstock as a “waste product”. Could you imagine paying under 50 cents per gallon (US) or 15 cents per liter (CAN) for your hemp ethanol?!!

Fuel efficiency:

Some might argue that ethanol isn't as fuel efficient as gas – thus the dollar-per-mile ratio of hemp ethanol would make it more expensive than gas to run. Ethanol contains approx. 34% less energy per gallon than gasoline, and therefore will result in a 34% reduction in miles per gallon. (15) This problem may be overcome through designing a more efficient vehicle – recently, French High School students achieved the best fuel efficiency at the European Shell Eco-marathon, using an ethanol-powered car with an energy consumption equivalent to traveling 2,885 kilometers on a single liter of gasoline (6,788 mpg). (16) Other technologies are being developed to make ethanol similar to gasoline in fuel efficiency. (17)

Availability of waste-hemp and over-regulation Is there enough hemp around right now to provide enough waste/feedstock to replace fossil fuels? No. Will this always be the case? That depends on how successful the medical and recreational cannabis activists are in removing irrational laws around this plant. Currently, the Canadian hemp economy is under “tight controls”. (18) A minimum of 10 acres must be grown. (19) The hemp must test below 0.3% in THC. (20) The strain must be “approved”. (21) Hundreds of potentially profitable industrial strains are denied to farmers. (22) The US won't approve importing Canadian hemp products if they contain even trace amounts of THC (23) Hemp seed must be rendered non-viable and tested for viability. (24) Those with criminal records for cannabis farming are not allowed to grow hemp. (25)

Breeders licenses – permitting access to the most economically rewarding element of industrial hemp farming - are difficult to obtain. One needs a science degree and 10 years experience working under an accredited breeder. (26)

When I asked Arthur Hanks of the Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance why this was so, he responded that “Certified seed is supposed to deliver known quantity. For a lot of buyers this is very important. Using common seed might be a false savings.”

“Can you provide me with an example of a false savings?” I asked.

Well, there was that problem with USO 14 ...” Arthur responded. “... breeders were not crossing it back with it's parents.

“But that's a fuck-up by accredited breeders.” I replied, “So certified seed doesn't necessarily mean fuck-up free seed.”

Good point.” Responded Arthur. “It's also true that cheap common seed will help make biomass hemp fuel more economically viable.”

“Do you think that the seed growers association may be acting like an elitist club that – like doctors and lawyers – is concerned more with controlling an industry than helping clients?”

There may be some of that in there ...”

At that point, I felt I hit upon the way the hemp industry was most unjustly over-regulated – through artificially high seed prices. Farmers cannot supply themselves with seed – they have to obtain it every year through government approved breeders. Seed is the farmer's biggest cost, varying between $6,250.00 to $16,875.00 for the average hemp farm (250 acres). For the largest hemp (3000 acres), seed costs can run into the hundreds of thousands of dollars!

Canadian hemp farmers spent somewhere between $1,250, 000 to $3,375,000.00 on seeds in 2006 (27) – an unnecessary cost ... more than a down-payment on a large hemp fuel manufacturing plant. The estimated cost of such a plant rages from $60 million for a plant that can produce 75 million liters per year (28), to $335 million, producing 1.7 billion liters per year. (29)
Banks don't invest money in hemp processing and manufacturing (30) – perhaps partly due to the red tape making hemp so artificially expensive, perhaps partly due to most of their current customers being hemp-substitute industries.

The red tape can only be justified if cannabis is considered dangerous - the moment medicinal and social hemp are re-legalized and treated like other herbs, the industrial hemp red tape will disappear. No doubt this will result in an increase in hemp seed breeders – all those considered “criminal” due to their history with breeding the drug strains will get a crack at breeding the hemp strains. Seed quality will then increase, the price will drop, and more money will stay in the pockets of farmers breeding their own seeds. Hemp products will become cheaper and more available. Farmers and cannabis cafe owners will both have capital to invest. At that point, the industrial hemp industry will be free to grow large and compete with non-renewable materials on an even playing field.

According to the 1938 Popular Mechanics article, hemp hurds “can be used to produce more than 25,000 products, ranging from dynamite to Cellophane”. That's just the hurds. When you factor in the fiber, the oil and the resin, the number of products hemp can produce is closer to 50,000. Almost everything that isn't glass or metal - including paper, pressed particle board, fabrics, plastics and concrete - can be made from hemp. (31) With a massive manufacturing base to reflect its massive utility, there will be plenty of hemp waste to make fuel from, driving the price down considerably.

The evil Dr. Pimental:


If the above-mentioned sources say hemp ethanol and non-hemp ethanol are so affordable, then why do so many sources claim otherwise? Apparently, the source for this other view comes from a single report from Dr. David Pimentel of Cornell University. He claims that bioethanol has a “negative net energy value”. It turns out that this is a well-publicized myth. In fact, Pimental's findings are flawed and disproved by other studies. (32)

The best fuel crop?

As for the argument that hemp is not an exceptional source of cellulose, it's important to keep in mind that hemp:

1) doesn't need as much fertilizer or water as corn, switchgrass or other energy crops (33)

2) doesn't require the expensive drying required of corn and sugar cane (34),

3) can be grown where other energy crops can't (35)

4) is more resistant to “adverse fall weather” than other crops (36) and

5) has long been known to be the lowest-moisture highest-cellulose crop.

The hemp stalks being “over 75% cellulose” according to a 1929 paper from Schafer and Simmonds (37), with more conservative estimates indicating 53-74% of the bark being cellulose. (38) According to the Stanford Research Institute and the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, it is woody, low-moisture herbaceous plants which make the best biomass for liquid fuels. (39) If one goes beyond simple cellulose-level comparisons and examines the cost-per-gallon with these extra cultivation and processing and transportation costs taken into account, hemp seems to be the best candidate for a fuel crop. Of course, all crops should be grown in rotation – too much of one thing is bad for the soil – but hemp seems the best crop to add to the rotation if we want to replace fossil fuels with something else in the tank.

Not enough land?

According to the 3rd edition of “Environmental Chemistry” by Professor Stanley E. Manahan, “Meeting US demands for oil and gas would require that about 6% of the land area of the coterminous 48 states be cultivated intensively for energy production.” (40) According to one source, the US has 60 million idle acres of farmland (41) - about 3% of US land area – and another 130 million or so acres devoted to raising meat (42). According to another source, more than 302 million hectares of land are devoted to producing feed for the U.S. livestock population
-- about 272 million hectares in pasture and about 30 million hectares for cultivated feed grains. (43) Either way, it seems there's more than enough land to grow fuel with, if we each eat five or ten fewer steaks every year. As well, urban agriculture is another option to free land up for fuel crops – for example, 6% of Cuba's food supply is grown in the city of Havana. (44) Not only would urban agriculture increase the area available for food, it would conserve energy previously used to transport food.

Recycling food oil can also help address our energy needs. US restaurants produce about 300 million US gallons of vegetable oil waste a year, much of which ends up in landfills. That oil could be reused as biofuel.(45) Beyond vegetarianism, energy conservation, urban agriculture and recycling, alternative fuel sources such as wind, wave and solar - combined with various types of battery-powered vehicles - could reduce the amount of land required to meet energy needs still further.

Sidebar:


Make your own biofuels:

The process isn't quite rocket science, but involves many steps and many choices. For diesel-powered car drivers, one must decide if one is a) using the oil just as it is -- usually called SVO fuel (straight vegetable oil); b) mixing it with kerosene (paraffin) or petroleum diesel fuel, or with biodiesel, or blend it with a solvent, or with gasoline; or c) converting it to biodiesel. For regular gas-power car drivers, there are gasification and distillation processes that could turn any plant matter into fuel. Large car companies are already producing ethanol-friendly vehicles. Some sources describe the adjustments to the engine required to convert a gas-powered car into an
ethanol-powered one as “minor”, others as “extremely complicated”. As more and more people make such adjustments, they should become easier and less costly. These methods are too detailed to explain here, but there are many good resources on the internet where you can learn to make your own biofuels. Here are just a few:

Biodiesel:
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html#start
http://www.veggieavenger.com/SVO-Jetta.php
http://www.biodieselcommunity.org/
http://www.tristatebiodiesel.com/

Ethanol:
http://running_on_alcohol.tripod.com/
http://www.e85safety.com/
http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethanol_motherearth/me1.html


The real reason for alcohol prohibition

As an interesting aside, I learned from Adrian Clarke that alcohol prohibition may have ended at the request of the oil companies, as the illegal stills set up to provide bootleg booze were being turned into sources of fuel. Apparently, there was even hemp ethanol production!

In an email to me, Clarke wrote; “I asked an historian who was working as a senior adviser to our Victorian State Government what he thought about the proposition that Prohibition was enacted to protect the Oil Companies and at their request, from the self-sufficiency hemp gave to farmers and other drivers. The historian had worked in American Universities and said he would consult his network. Three weeks later he called me to confirm absolutely that Prohibition was to stop people making their own car fuel. He said that records showed that up to 90% of all the illegal alcohol made up to that time, was for the fueling of cars. ... This historian did not go public.”

I attempted to verify this information, and found out that Henry Ford originally designed his “Model A” car to run on either alcohol or gasoline, whichever was available to the driver – and that John D. Rockefeller, owner of Standard Oil (now Exxon-Mobil, Chevron, American BP and a dozen other oil companies), put 4 million dollars into alcohol prohibition.(46) After alcohol prohibition began, Ford proposed that the dead capacity of shutting down distilleries might be used to produce denatured alcohol - "a cleaner, nicer, better fuel for automobiles than gasoline". (47) Veteran hemp activist Chris Conrad writes that Ford's dream of a nation of plant-powered vehicles was “thwarted first by alcohol prohibition, then by hemp prohibition”. (48)

The plan to shut down alcohol fuel through alcohol prohibition may have backfired. The number of illegal alcohol stills increased during alcohol prohibition.(49) Thus, in a celebrated 1932 letter, subsequently printed on the front page of The New York Times, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., a lifelong
teetotaler, argued against the continuation of alcohol prohibition due to the “increase in disrespect for the law”. This letter became the singular event that pushed the nation to repeal alcohol prohibition.(50) This concern of John D. Jr. may be considered suspect, for as any good Rockefeller historian will point out, the Rockefellers themselves had been known to disrespect the law from time to time.(51) Perhaps John D was really concerned that people would become less dependent on his oil if they had their own stills, and he adopted the “disrespect for the law” concern to hide the self-interested motive behind his change of opinion. And then I stumbled on this bit of information:" Fifty years ago it was a corporate alliance between DuPont (which controlled GM) and Standard Oil (now Exxon) which suppressed Henry Ford's alcohol gasoline engine and committed the continent to using lead as an additive." (52) DuPont and Standard Oil ... hmmmm

... where have I heard those names before? ...

oh yes! It was these companies that had the most to do with making hemp illegal! I began to wonder to myself if both alcohol prohibition and hemp prohibition were created by the same
corporations for the same reasons – as attempts at fuel monopolies. A close examination of the history of hemp fuels, hemp prohibition, DuPont and Standard Oil might reveal the answer.

56 comments:

Kolgado_69 said...

I think that now that since oil prices are becoming extremely high ( with an exception of recent down falls in prices which cannot last too long) we wont have any other alternative but to start using hemp and other crops for bio diesel. It's only a matter of time I would love to see some justice because when that does happen oil companies and the government agencies that sanctioned them will finally be exposed. There's no reason we can't do it. Industrial Hemp may be expensive now but like everything, supply and demand will prevail and eventually we will be back down to $1/gallon. Instead of using all the excess corn that this country produces for cornstarch and putting it in all of our foods as an additive, consequently making everybody obese we can use it for bio-fuel. I'm sick of seeing this planet get fucked up when we could easily use alternate fuels. Seasons are changing and life cycles for various plants and animals are being destroyed. All of this so that oil companies and oil Barron can have there miserable profits. The free market has yet to solve worlds problems, it's about time we the people start acting in getting the government to take back the rights of this country and it's citizens. Economics and politics are far too closely bounded and in a oil-based economy given the current circumstances we are bound to fail. Conclusion: HEMP FOR BIO-DIESEL!!!!!
PS. Those that think that legalizing hemp is, "a disguised attempt for legalizing marijuana" (quote from the DEA to hemp farmers and activists during an attempt of legalization), you only show your ignorance. Given the extremely low amounts of THC (tetra-hydro-cannibinol, the active ingredient in Marijuana which produces intoxication, .3% in Hemp or less compared to 15% or more in street bought Marijuana) you would need about 10-20 full sized hemp plants to get the same effects of one gram of Marijuana. Or in the words of Ron Paul (during his race for candidacy in the GOP Republican primaries), "you would need a Hemp cigarette the size of a telephone pole to get the same effects of a single Marijuana cigarette". We can do it, yes we can!

Gaby de Wilde said...

Great description of the situation.

The only thing missing is the way they changed the Physics text books to elliminate Tesla's work. This lie is known as:

"The laws of thermodynamics"

A scientific principal that forbids scientists from thinking about energy creation processes and confined them to closed system thinking.

They actually have professors say: "You cant win and there is no way out."

Cold fusion is another great example of this.

Here is my take on the Hemp-bio-fuels.

Please post a comment describing how much money you are willing to contribute/invest. We do not have time for lengthy debates.

Saving the world

Ben Masel said...

The challenge is not in growing biomass, but in efficient conversion of low-density solids to high density liquid fuels.

While methanol may be viable for on the farm use, its low energy density presents additional inefficiencies as a primary automotive fuel. You need double the storage and delivery systems, and both delivery and the end-use vehicle haul all the extra weight up every hill.

its also more toxic than gasoline, and doubling the amount you-re using means doubling leaks and spills at every step.

Anonymous said...

Who knows where to download XRumer 5.0 Palladium?
Help, please. All recommend this program to effectively advertise on the Internet, this is the best program!

Gaby de Wilde said...

Please post a comment describing how much money you are willing to contribute/invest. We do not have time for lengthy debates.

You are joking right?

bigmamasig said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
bigmamasig said...

“Once Plains Industrial Hemp Processing builds its new hemp fibre processing plant, it will have the capacity to process up to 18,000 metric tonnes of hemp per year,” (http://news.gov.mb.ca/news/index.html?archive=2010-04-01&item=8100)

The above quote from a government website is about a new processing plant that is primarily for hemp fibre products, potentially leaving the seed oil available for other purposes.

Checking out a friend's biodeisel 1982 VW Westfalia, I asked him about fuel efficiency. He uses pure vegetable oil (waste product from a hotel). He said it was exactly the same as with deisel, litre per litre. When asked what would happen if he used hemp oil, he replied (with a smile), "Nothing. It would just smell different."

The ONLY thing preventing him from using hemp oil as fuel today is cost. With farmers, investors and the government all re-realizing the profitability of growing hemp, the seed oil prices will fall, as long as there are oil extractors in place alongside the fibre processors.

Hemp is the fuel of the not-too-distant future.

bigmamasig said...

“Once Plains Industrial Hemp Processing builds its new hemp fibre processing plant, it will have the capacity to process up to 18,000 metric tonnes of hemp per year,” (http://news.gov.mb.ca/news/index.html?archive=2010-04-01&item=8100)

The above quote from a government website is about a new processing plant that is primarily for hemp fibre products, potentially leaving the seed oil available for other purposes.

Checking out a friend's biodeisel 1982 VW Westfalia, I asked him about fuel efficiency. He uses pure vegetable oil (waste product from a hotel). He said it was exactly the same as with deisel, litre per litre. When asked what would happen if he used hemp oil, he replied (with a smile), "Nothing. It would just smell different."

The ONLY thing preventing him from using hemp oil as fuel today is cost. With farmers, investors and the government all re-realizing the profitability of growing hemp, the seed oil prices will fall, as long as there are oil extractors in place alongside the fibre processors.

Hemp is the fuel of the not-too-distant future.

Carlos said...

Fields like this, as written about by Allen in his 1900 book Reign of Law, used to be commonplace in the US - and they can be again - lots of activism in place from grassroots to US Presidential candidates - and they are now working to get a petition to Obama - anyone can sign - it's up at www.minawear.com/about-us/
Also check out www.hempforvictory.blogspot.com for more info and events!

P.Sundraparipooranan said...

Most fuels we are talking fossil fuels that have taken millions of year to form from the dead plants and animals under the pressure exerted deep inside the earth. So this blog is very useful to all to save our country thank you for posting.
Save fuel, Save Water, Save Electricity, Save Environment, Saving fuel, Fuel, Water, Electricity, Environment.

Unknown said...


Good post,You have some food for thought always, to the extent that the different ways to add some nice changes in your Blog.
Buy Essays Uk

Unknown said...

Your post is really good. Useful content. Very helpful to me. i have blog for Plastic Injection moulders in India
see my products also

Plastic Injection moulders in India

Manish Batra said...

Nice site, It strikes a nice balance of the concept. I had a natural tendency towards 'mindfulness' from a young age. I am glad that I will definitely be coming back here more often. Wish I could add to the conversation. Thanks for sharing.
Aids To Daily Living

Keep Posting:)

Doğru Saç Ekimi said...

The ONLY thing preventing him from using hemp oil as fuel today is cost. With farmers, investors and the government all re-realizing the profitability of growing hemp, the seed oil prices will fall, as long as there are oil extractors in place alongside the fibre processors.

Anonymous said...

Awesome blog. I enjoyed reading your articles. This is truly a great read for me. I have bookmarked it and I am looking forward to reading new articles. Keep up the good work!blog on cbd oil

Nitin Saha said...

Thanks for sharing such informative post. Excel Engineering & Consultants is Fuel Ethanol Plant Supplier in Pune India.

Vladislav Yakov said...

We Can supply Aviation Kerosene,Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below:now base email us (neftegazagent@yandex.ru)

PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

E-mail: neftegazagent@yandex.ru
E: neftegazagent@mail.ru
E: neftegazagent@yahoo.com

Best Regards
(Mr.) Vladislav Yakov
Skype: neftegazagent

Thank You

Elizabeth J. Neal said...

Great article Lot's of information to Read...Great Man Keep Posting and update to People..Thanks CBD Oil Drops

Anonymous said...

Dear Buyer / Buyer mandate
We currently have JETFUEL, A1, JP54, D2, D6, Available On FOB Rotterdam / Hosuton with good and workable procedure, whereby the buyer will dip in seller's tank for proof of product.
Kindly Contact us via ( russianoilandgastradingllc@bk.ru ) for SCO.

BELOW PRODUCT ARE AVAILABLE WITH BEST OFFERS - FOB CI DIP AND PAY FOB PRODUCTS AVAILABLE

JP54: Quantity: 500,000-2,000,000 Barrels
JetA1: Quantity: 500,000-2,000,000 Barrels
D2: Quantity: 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons
D6 Virgin: Quantity: 400,000,000-800,000,000 Gallon

Sincerely,
Mrs Alesya Balashova
Email: russianoilandgastradingllc@yandex.ru
Email: russianoilandgastradingllc@bk.ru
Skype: russianoilandgastradingllc

Unknown said...

We are please to inform your esteem buying company the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our storage tanks, We have an official FOB and CIF offer (Fob Rotterdam). We guarantee truth and professionalism, We will be ready to cooperate with you in various products. to ship to our customers. and reservoir for immediate delivery Such as:

Jp54 Gross price $46/ Net $44. Minimum Order is 2,000,000 barrels / month
JA1 Gross price $46/ Net $44. Minimum Order is 2,000,000 barrels / month
D2 indent $ 380 / $ 370. Minimum Order 100,000mt / month
D6 Gross $0.80 cent USD per Gallon Net $ 0.70cent USD

Provide your official email or contact us via email to enable us issue our official soft corporate offer (SCO).Thanks.

BELOW IS OUR CONTACT INFORMATION,

E-mail: neftegazoiltrading@yandex.ru
E: neftegazoiltrading@yahoo.com

Skype: neftegazoiltrading

Best Regards
(Mr.) Vico Peißker.
Skype: neftegazoiltrading

Thank You

Neftegaz Energy Consultant said...

JP54 - D6 - JET A1 - D2 AVAILABLE ON CI DIP AND PAY FOB ROTTERDAM & HOUSTON

We are an official Oil & Gas Trading Company/Mandate working direct with Russian Petroleum Refinery which deals on Russian Petroleum Product such as JP54, D2, D6, JA-1 with good and workable procedure whereby buyer will dip test in seller tank with proof of product. Kindly Contact us via E-mail: { neftegazconsultant@yandex.ru } for SCO - Soft Offer.

Below are products and quantities available for urgent lift

JP54: Quantity: 500,000-2,000,000 Barrels
JetA1: Quantity: 500,000-2,000,000 Barrels
D2: Quantity: 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons
D6 Virgin: Quantity: 400,000,000-800,000,000 Gallon

Maksim Yaroslav
EMAIL: neftegazconsultant@yandex.ru,
EMAIL: neftegazconsultant@mail.ru
Skype: neftegazconsultant
https://neftegaz-energy-consultant.business.site/

Unknown said...

This is very good and informative article. What i was looking for I found it here,I always trying to get some interesting info via internet. Thanks a lot for sharing.. Hemp foods Australia

Anonymous said...

For Serious Buyer/ Buyer mandate

We have JP54,D2, D6, JetA1 product in Rotterdam/Houston/Russia for immediate lift with good procedure,where buyer conduct dip test in seller tank with proof of product.
Kindly Contact us via (usmanovoilandgas@yahoo.com) for SCO.

Regards
Usmanov Alexie
email: usmanovoilandgas60@mail.ru,
skype: usmanovoilandgas

pavel Alek Ivanovich said...

Hello we Can supply Aviation Kerosene,Jet fuel (JP 54-A1,5), Diesel (Gas Oil) and Fuel Oil D2, D6,ETC in FOB/Rotterdam only, serious buyer should contact or if you have serious buyers

my seller is ready to close this deal fast contact us below:now base email us (vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru)

PRODUCT AVAILABLE IN ROTTERDAM/ CI DIP AND PAY IN SELLER EX-SHORE TANK.

Russia D2 50,000-150,000 Metric Tons FOB Rotterdam Port.

JP54 5000,000 Barrels per Month FOB Rotterdam.

JA1 Jet Fuel 10,000,000 Barrels FOB Rotterdam.

D6 Virgin Fuel Oil 800,000,000 Gallon FOB Rotterdam.

E-mail: vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru
phone :+79260030732
skype id:phoenix.tearsoil@bk.ru

Best Regards
Thank You

VLAHD ANICHKA MISHA

Unknown said...

Do You Seek Funds To Pay Off Credits and Debts? { FIFOCapitals@gmail.com } Is Here To Put A Stop To Your Financial Problems. We Offer All Kinds Of Loan (Personal Loan, Commercial Loan, etc.) We Give Out Loan With An Interest Rate Of 1.00%. Interested Applicants Should Contact Us Via Email: FIFOCapitals@gmail.com

Please Fill the Application Form Below:
- Complete Name:
- Loan Amount Needed:
- Loan Duration:
- Purpose Of Loan:
- City / Country:
- Telephone:
- How Did You Hear About Us:

If You Are Interested To Get A Loan Then Kindly Write Us With The Loan Requirement. Please, Contact Us via email: FIFOCapitals@gmail.com,,,

Anonymous said...

Excellent blog I visit this blog it's really awesome. The important thing is that in this blog content written clearly and understandable.The content of information is very informative. Thanks for the excellent and great idea. keep blogging! extraction technique

URGENT LOAN OFFER WHATSAPP +918929509036 said...

Hello Everybody,
My name is Mrs Sharon Sim. I live in Singapore and i am a happy woman today? and i told my self that any lender that rescue my family from our poor situation, i will refer any person that is looking for loan to him, he gave me happiness to me and my family, i was in need of a loan of $250,000.00 to start my life all over as i am a single mother with 3 kids I met this honest and GOD fearing man loan lender that help me with a loan of $250,000.00 SG. Dollar, he is a GOD fearing man, if you are in need of loan and you will pay back the loan please contact him tell him that is Mrs Sharon, that refer you to him. contact Dr Purva Pius,via email:(urgentloan22@gmail.com) Thank you.

URGENT LOAN OFFER WHATSAPP +918929509036 said...

Hello Everybody,
My name is Mrs Sharon Sim. I live in Singapore and i am a happy woman today? and i told my self that any lender that rescue my family from our poor situation, i will refer any person that is looking for loan to him, he gave me happiness to me and my family, i was in need of a loan of $250,000.00 to start my life all over as i am a single mother with 3 kids I met this honest and GOD fearing man loan lender that help me with a loan of $250,000.00 SG. Dollar, he is a GOD fearing man, if you are in need of loan and you will pay back the loan please contact him tell him that is Mrs Sharon, that refer you to him. contact Dr Purva Pius,via email:(urgentloan22@gmail.com) Thank you.

Brett Sandman said...

Wonderful post. CBD is used for medicinal purposes. This may change in the future with CBD as the FDA along with several pharmaceutical companies has CBD drugs in the pipeline. In the meantime (and in the more than likely in the future) consumers will be able to buy hemp-based CBD as a nutritional supplement.

David Sameth said...

Hey, i'm therefore excited I found your diary, i'm here currently and will similar to to mention convey for an amazing post and every one spherical fascinating web site. Please do carry on the nice work. I can not be while not visiting your diary once more and once more. CBD Distillate wholesale

pavel Alek Ivanovich said...

I am a Broker to a Direct Mandate working with a reputable refinery, and we are to you,

esteem buyers that the petroleum products you are looking for is available in our Tanks and

Reservoir for immedaite lift and supply.

SUCH AS
1) JP54
2) JPA1
3) MAZUT
4) AGO
5) LNG
6) LPG
7) D2
8) D6
9) REBCO
10) EN590

Please contact us via our official email address.

E-mail: vlahdanichka_misha@mail.ru
phone :+79067109704
skype id:phoenix.tearsoil@bk.ru

Best Regards
Thank You

VLAHD ANICHKA MISHA

Unknown said...

Thank you for another great article. Where else could anyone get that kind of information in such a perfect way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I am on the look for such information. CBD therapy

Formula Swiss said...

This post is extremely easy to peruse and acknowledge without forgetting any subtle elements. Incredible work! Very informative post!

if you want to buy Hemp Oil

PERFECT FINANCIAL said...


Do you need Personal Loan?
Business Cash Loan?
Unsecured Loan
Fast and Simple Loan?
Quick Application Process?
Approvals within 24-72 Hours?
No Hidden Fees Loan?
Funding in less than 1 Week?
Get unsecured working capital?
Email:(perfectfinancialcredite@gmail.com)
Application Form:
=================
Full Name:................
Loan Amount Needed:.
Purpose of loan:.......
Loan Duration:..
Gender:.............
Marital status:....
Location:..........
Home Address:..
City:............
Country:......
Phone:..........
Mobile / Cell:....
Occupation:......
Monthly Income:....
perfectfinancialcredite@gmail.com)

Sarah Chesterman (Saz) said...

Yes, you have the right attitude - nice to see! People like you (& the author of this excellent article) give me hope for a better world.. Thank you

Mahamud Hossain Wasty said...

Thank you for the great article. This is an AWESOME resource on CBD. Great job you guys! Do you have any CBD Products
in the SnackNation boxes? Relieving anxiety and stress in an office environment should be one of the top goals and what better way to get there than with a snack? I have a good recommendation for an organic superfood bar with no additives or preservatives.

Mahamud Hossain Wasty said...

The legal status of CBD, as well as the regulations that govern both the medical and recreational use of cannabis, are constantly changing in most countries in the world.
• As the therapeutic potential of the plant becomes increasingly evident, more and more countries are relaxing their laws on cannabis cultivation, production, and distribution of derivatives

Shayari Sad said...

FB Status in Hindi
Status

jeffrey cage said...



Cool way to have financial freedom!!! Are you tired of living a poor life, here is the opportunity you have been waiting for. Get the new ATM BLANK CARD that can hack any ATM MACHINE and withdraw money from any account. You do not require anybody’s account number before you can use it. Although you and I knows that its illegal,there is no risk using it. It has SPECIAL FEATURES, that makes the machine unable to detect this very card,and its transaction can’t be traced .You can use it anywhere in the world. With this card,you can withdraw nothing less than $4,500 a day. So to get the card,reach the hackers via email address : besthackersworld58@gmail.com or whatsapp him on +1(323)-723-2568

Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich said...


Dear Sir/Madam,

We are direct end seller refinery company for the supply of Petroleum products. Currently we are allocating our products on discount platts to capable buyers, we have available Jet fuel, D2 Gas oil, D6, EN590, JETA1, for capable buyer lift in Houston and Rotterdam commercial sea ports and also on CIF basis to any safe world port. Kindly Contact us via: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru for SCO.


Kind Regards.
Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich   
Email: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru
Skype: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru

Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich said...



Dear Sir/Madam,

Contact us for the best storage and terminal facilities for your Oil products in major ports in Russia, Rotterdam and Houston. We have a reliable Tank farm company for the storage and transportation of all Oil products contact us today via: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru



Kind Regards.
Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich   
Email: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru
Skype: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru

Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich said...



Dear Sir/Madam,

Contact us for the best storage and terminal facilities for your Oil products in major ports in Russia, Rotterdam and Houston. We have a reliable Tank farm company for the storage and transportation of all Oil products contact us today via: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru



Kind Regards.
Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich   
Email: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru
Skype: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru

Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich said...



Dear Sir/Madam,

Contact us for the best storage and terminal facilities for your Oil products in major ports in Russia, Rotterdam and Houston. We have a reliable Tank farm company for the storage and transportation of all Oil products contact us today via: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru



Kind Regards.
Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich   
Email: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru
Skype: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru

$ said...

Love Shayri in Hindi
Love Shayri

Buy CBD Oil Online in Australia said...

Great post and excellent written.

Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich said...


Dear Sir/Madam,

We are direct end seller refinery company for the supply of Petroleum products. Currently we are allocating our products on discount platts to capable buyers, we have available Jet fuel, D2 Gas oil, D6, EN590, JETA1, for capable buyer lift in Houston and Rotterdam commercial sea ports and also on CIF basis to any safe world port. Kindly Contact us via: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru for SCO.


Kind Regards.
Dr. Khaibullin Timur Tagirovich   
Email: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru
Skype: jsc.uraloil@bk.ru

LLC KORN OYL said...


Dear Sir/Madam.

We LLC KORN OYL a legal and official mandate to various end seller refinery company that are capable to supply to any real buyers any petroleum product, We supply petroleum products. Our products are guaranteed to meet the International Standard Specifications. We have available Jet fuel, D2 Gas oil, D6, EN590, JETA1, for capable buyer lift in Houston and Rotterdam commercial sea ports and also on CIF basis to any safe world port. Kindly Contact us via: llckorn.oyl@bk.ru for SCO.

Dr. Mukhin L. Igor
Email: llckorn.oyl@bk.ru
Skype: llckorn.oyl@bk.ru

Grace said...

I was searching for loan to sort out my bills& debts, then i saw comments about Blank ATM Credit Card that can be hacked to withdraw money from any ATM machines around you. I doubted this but decided to give it a try by contacting {professional.hacker55@yahoo.com} they responded with their guidelines on how the card works. I was assured that the card can withdraw $5,000 instant per day & was credited with$50,000,000.00 so i requested for one & paid the delivery fee to obtain the card, after 24 hours later, i was shock to see the UPS agent in my resident with a parcel{card} i signed and went back inside and confirmed the card work's after the agent left. This is no doubts because i have the card & has made used of the card. This hackers are USA based hackers set out to help people with financial freedom!! Contact these email if you wants to get rich with this Via: professional.hacker55@yahoo.com.

French language classes in Chennai said...

Very nice post... thanks for sharing such a nice post
Learn French | Learn French Online | Learning French Online

ihsltd said...

Thanks for the great info. Keep up the good work! IT Support Services London

Unknown said...

nice post..
Online marketing in dubai

Team Educational said...

Very interesting post, Thanks for sharing.
Team Educational Institute

Teamtut said...

Its very helpful to implement in our work
Team Educational Institute

Cancun Yacht said...

Looking for the best Yacht Rentals in Cancun with a large selection of yachts, fishing boats, Catamaran rentals.

Wilson said...

How do I get money back from Scammers? Reach out Recovery Masters.

I must give special thanks to Recovery Masters,Specialised hackers in Cryptocurrency Recovery  and lost Bitcoin wallet tracing,My wife and I happened to be scammed by an online scammer who claimed to be professional and knowledgeable in the field investments.I and my wife had agreed to invest our savings pounds worth $623,400 in form of Crypto. This scammer persuaded us to invest in an online platform called Cryptos-seed.com.''I was persuaded to deposit the funds to platform that would generate us much profits on a daily basis.The profits generated significantly,but on asking on how my withdrawal of the funds,the swindler provided multiple excuses and was asking me to invest more funds.On search on how to recover The lost funds I came through Recovery Masters who were able to recover a significant portion of the lost funds.Contact them through; Mail Recoverymasters@email.cz                         Whatspp; 1(204){ 819}-{5505}

Trendy Lifestyle350 said...

thanks for informative content which such helpful .Great Read! Black Swan Petroleum for trading at low cost.